Elena TRUTA^1*, Gabriela VOCHITA¹, Maria Magdalena ZAMFIRACHE², Zenovia OLTEANU² & Craita Maria ROSU^1
1Institute of Biological Research – branch of NIRDBS, 47 Lascar Catargi St., 700107 Iasi, Romania;
* trutaelena@yahoo.com
²Faculty of Biology, “Al. I. Cuza” University, 20A Carol I Blvd., 600506 Iasi, Romania

COPPER-INDUCED GENOTOXIC EFFECTS IN ROOT MERISTEMS OF TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. CV. BETI

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Copper is one the most abundant heavy metals in agricultural soils and its excess in soil comes from the largely use of this heavy metal in industry and agriculture (as fungicide). Mitotic index, rate and categories of ana-telophase chromosome aberrations, as well as the frequency and types of metaphase disturbances were scored in root tip meristems of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Beti after seed exposure to copper, provided as copper acetate and copper citrate, at four concentrations (10, 25, 50, and 100 μM) containing 0.64, 1.59, 3.18, 6.35 μg ml^-1 Cu²⁺, and 1.91, 4.77, 9.53, 19.06 μg ml^-1 Cu²⁺, respectively.Except the mitostimulant effect of 25 μM concentration, all the other concentrations of copper acetate andcopper citrate showed mitodepressive action. The copper genotoxicity is expressed in the increased level(1.5 – 5-fold higher than in control) of the rate of chromosome aberrations in mitotic ana-telophases ofcopper-treated variants. Chromosome bridges, laggards and complex aberrations are the most numerous,although multipolarity, fragments and micronuclei are present, but with lower frequency and not in allcopper-treated variants. Concerning the rate of metaphase disturbances, copper acetate augmented 2 – 3times the rate of abnormalities in all variants, whereas only variant treated with 25 μM copper citrateexceeded the control in a substantial manner. Metaphases with chromosomes expulsed from equatorialplate are numerically preponderant, followed by C-metaphases. These observations constitute a signalabout the risks of the widespread and increasing presence of some heavy metals into environment. Theresults reported here could be considered in a future evaluation of copper effects on other organisms, evenon human health, due to large use of copper compounds, inclusively as fungicides.